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ROMANI PEOPLE
The History
The Romani are a diasporic ethnicity of Indian origin, living mostly in Europe and the Americas. Romani aew widely known among Anglophonic people by the exonym "Gypsies" (or Gipsies) and also as Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma Roms. In their own language, Romani, they are known collectively as Romane or Rromane (depending on the dialect).
Romai are widely dispersed, with their largest concentrated populations in Europe-especially Central and Eastern Europeans Anatolia, the Iberian Kale and Southern France. They originated in India and arrived in Mid-West Asia, the Europe, tat least 1000 years ago, either separating from the Dom people or, at least having a similar history; the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century.
Since the nineteenth century, some Romani have also migrated to the Americas. There are an estimated one million Roma in the United States, and 800,000 in Brazil, most of whose ancestors emigrated in the nineteenth century from eastern Europe. Brazil also includes Romani descended from people deported by the government of portugal during the Inquisition in the colonial era. In migrations since the late nineteenth century, Romani have also moved to Canada and countries in South America.
The Romani language is divided into several dialects, which add up to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million.
Origins
Findings suggest an Indian origin for Roma. Because Romani groups didn't keep chronicles of their history or have oral accounts of it, hypotheses about Romani's migration early history
are based on linguistic theory. There is also no known record of a migration from India to Europe from the medieval times that can be connected indisputably to Roam, However, the linguistic findings about their Indian origin have been corroborated by genetic studies carried out on a number of Romani populations. Some genetic studies specifically link them to the Jat people of modern-day northern india and Pakistan.
Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939-45
Among the groups the Nazi regime and its Axis partners singled out for persecution on so-called racial grounds were the Roma (Gypsies). Drawing support from many non-Nazi Germans who habored social prejudice towards Roma, the Nazi judged Roma to be "racially inferior". The fate of Roma in some ways paralleled that of tihe Jews. Under the Nazi regime, German authorities subjected Roma to arbitrary internment, forced labor and mass murder. German authorities murdered tens of thousands of Roma in the German-occupied territories of the Soviet Union and Serbia and thousands more in the killing centers at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka. See www.ushman.org/wlc/en/article.php?moduleld=10005219.